Two biologists discovered the Maryland Darter in 1912, and it wasn't until fifty years later that graduate students further recorded the species. In 1965, a healthy population was found in portions of Deer Creek and Gasheys Run in Harford, Maryland. It is thought to have been abundant in the lower Susquehanna River basin near Aberdeen and Havre de Grace, however it is now limited to Deer Creek. The construction of the Susquehanna River Dam greatly reduced the Maryland Darter's range, swallowing up much of the fish's former habitat and causing extensive silting.

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